大学考试|专八人文常识：语言学部分甄选考试试题

本文是依据最新专八考试概要针对人文常识的需要，从语言学内容甄选出的考试前自测试。

1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?
A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolic^{1
C. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary}

2.Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?
A. Symbolic B. Dual^{2 C. Productive D. Arbitrary}

3.What is the most important function of language?
A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative^{3 D. metalingual}

4.Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?
A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. Anonymous⁴

5.According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language?
A. competence^{5 B. parole C. performance D. langue}

6.The function of the sentence A nice day, isn't it? is .
A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative

7.Articulatory phonetics mainly studies .
A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech
B. the perception of sounds
C. the combination of sounds
D. the production of sounds

8.The distinction between vowels^{6 and consonants7 lies in .
A. the place of articulation8 B. the obstruction9 of airstream
C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips}

9.Which is the branch of linguistics^{10 which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?
A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics}

10.Which studies the sound systems in a certain language?
A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics

11.Minimal^{11 pairs are used to .
A. find the distinctive12 features of a language
B. find the phonemes of a language
C. compare two words
D. find the allophones of language}

12.Usually, suprasegmental features include,length and pitch.
A. phoneme B. speech sounds C. syllables^{14 D. stress}

13.Which is an indispensable part of a syllable^{13?
A. Coda B. Onset15 C. Stem D. Peak}

14.Which is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content?
A. Word B. Morpheme C. Allomorph D. Root
15.Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?
A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Phonology D. Semantics

16.Lexeme is .
A. a physically^{16 definable unit
B. the common factor underlying17 a set of forms
C. a grammatical unit
D. an indefinable unit}

17.Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural^{18 morpheme ?
A. [s] B. [iz] C. [ai] D. [is]}

18.All words contain a .
A. root morpheme B. bound morpheme C. prefix^{19 D. suffix20}

19.The relationship between fruit and apple is
A. homonymy^{21 B. hyponymy C. poly百度竞价推广y D. synonymy}

20.The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called .
A. lexicon^{22 B. morphology C. syntax D. 百度竞价推广antics}

21.Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?
A. gender^{23 B. number C. case D. voice}

22.The pair of words lend and borrow are
A. gradable opposites B. converse^{24 opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms25}

23.Big and Small are a pair of opposites.
A. complementary B. gradable C. complete D. converse

24.According to C. Morris and R. Carnap, which is studies the relationship between symbols and their interpreters?
A. syntax B. 百度竞价推广antics C. pragmatics D. sociolinguistics

25.There are deixis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

26.In the following conversation:
- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?
- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.
The second person violates the
A. Quantity Maxim^{26 B. Quality Maxim C. Relation Maxim D. Manner Maxim}

27.The maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant to the conversation.
A. quantity B. quality C. manner D. relation